Alien Property Custodian
An Alien Property Custodian was an office within the Government of the
United States duringWorld War I and again duringWorld War II .On
11 March ,1942 , PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9095 establishing the Office of the Alien Property Custodian as an independent agency under his direct authority. He appointedLeo Crowley , a former banker and chair of theFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation as APC. During the war the APC amassed a vast portfolio of enemy property including real estate, business enterprises, ships and intellectual property in the form oftrademarks ,copyrights ,patents and pending patent applications.OnMay 13 ,1966 , PresidentLyndon B. Johnson issued Executive Order 11281 which abolished the office, effective June 30 of that year [http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/131.html#131.1] .Sec. 6 of the
Trading with the Enemy Act , USStat|40|415, 50 U.S.C.App., authorizes the President to appoint an official known as the "alien property custodian," who is responsible for "receiv [ing,] ... hold [ing] , administer [ing] , and account [ing] for" "all money and property in the United States due or belonging to an enemy, or ally of enemy ... ." The Act was originally enacted during World War I "to permit, under careful safeguards and restrictions, certain kinds of business to be carried on" among warring nations, and to "provid [e] for the care and administration of the property and property rights of enemies and their allies in this country pending the war."Marshall v. Marshall , 126 S.Ct. 1735 (2006) (quoting fromMarkham v. Cabell , 326 U.S. 404, 414, n. 1 (1945) (Burton, J., concurring)), "see also" S.Rep. No. 113, 65th Cong., 1st Sess., p. 1 (1917).
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